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🇸🇴 Somalia

Overview

ISO 3166-1 alpha-3SOM
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2SO
UN M49 numeric706
IOC codeSOM
Official nameFederal Republic of Somalia
Native name(s)ara: official: جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية; common: الصومال; som: official: Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya; common: Soomaaliya
Alt spellingsSO, aṣ-Ṣūmāl, Federal Republic of Somalia, Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya, Jumhūriyyat aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fiderāliyya
Statusofficially-assigned
IndependentYes
UN memberYes

Geography

RegionAfrica
SubregionEastern Africa
UN regional groupAfrican Group
CapitalMogadishu
Area (km²)637,657
Lat / Lng10.0000, 49.0000
LandlockedNo
Borders (ISO3)DJI, ETH, KEN
Top-level domain.so
Calling coderoot: +2; suffixes: 52

Demographics

Population (World Bank)19,654,739 (2025)
Life expectancy (years, World Bank)58.967 (2024)
Languagesara: Arabic; som: Somali
Demonymseng: f: Somali; m: Somali; fra: f: Somalienne; m: Somalien
Population time-series (UN WPP)74

Economy

GDP (current USD)12,995,200,000.266 (2025)
GDP per capita (current USD)661.174 (2025)
Unemployment rate (%)18.948 (2025)
CurrenciesSOS: name: Somali shilling; symbol: Sh

Population by year (UN WPP)

74 yearly data points — click to expand
YearPopulation
19502,213,131
19512,276,680
19522,340,249
19532,403,570
19542,467,313
19552,532,253
19562,598,367
19572,665,702
19582,733,405
19592,803,090
19602,876,331
19612,952,054
19623,030,091
19633,110,361
19643,192,796
19653,277,874
19663,365,106
19673,454,537
19683,546,590
19693,641,015
19703,738,448
19713,837,691
19723,939,436
19734,045,592
19744,151,842
19754,257,535
19764,365,812
19774,484,050
19784,814,892
19795,449,117
19805,936,154
19815,982,849
19826,003,840
19836,198,430
19846,428,389
19856,693,289
19866,974,788
19877,228,302
19887,235,360
19897,114,817
19907,082,811
19916,813,760
19926,495,107
19936,681,399
19947,026,797
19957,285,007
19967,554,474
19977,824,525
19988,155,417
19998,492,059
20008,838,713
20019,198,493
20029,550,063
20039,909,157
200410,280,998
200510,644,228
200610,975,502
200711,322,582
200811,663,084
200911,961,201
201012,261,756
201112,348,830
201212,461,160
201312,869,594
201413,339,491
201513,806,963
201614,348,740
201714,916,629
201815,452,487
201916,030,971
202016,651,191
202117,271,431
202217,801,897
202318,358,615

Full raw record (JSON)

JSON
{
  "iso3": "SOM",
  "iso2": "SO",
  "ccn3": "706",
  "cioc": "SOM",
  "name": {
    "common": "Somalia",
    "official": "Federal Republic of Somalia",
    "native": {
      "ara": {
        "official": "جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية",
        "common": "الصومال"
      },
      "som": {
        "official": "Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya",
        "common": "Soomaaliya"
      }
    }
  },
  "alt_spellings": [
    "SO",
    "aṣ-Ṣūmāl",
    "Federal Republic of Somalia",
    "Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya",
    "Jumhūriyyat aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fiderāliyya"
  ],
  "translations": {
    "ara": {
      "official": "جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية",
      "common": "الصومال"
    },
    "bre": {
      "official": "Republik Kevreadel Somalia",
      "common": "Somalia"
    },
    "ces": {
      "official": "Somálská demokratická republika",
      "common": "Somálsko"
    },
    "deu": {
      "official": "Bundesrepublik Somalia",
      "common": "Somalia"
    },
    "est": {
      "official": "Somaalia Liitvabariik",
      "common": "Somaalia"
    },
    "fin": {
      "official": "Somalian liittotasavalta",
      "common": "Somalia"
    },
    "fra": {
      "official": "République fédérale de Somalie",
      "common": "Somalie"
    },
    "hrv": {
      "official": "Savezna Republika Somaliji",
      "common": "Somalija"
    },
    "hun": {
      "official": "Szomáli Szövetségi Köztársaság",
      "common": "Szomália"
    },
    "ita": {
      "official": "Repubblica federale di Somalia",
      "common": "Somalia"
    },
    "jpn": {
      "official": "ソマリア連邦共和国",
      "common": "ソマリア"
    },
    "kor": {
      "official": " 소말리아 연방 공화국",
      "common": "소말리아"
    },
    "nld": {
      "official": "Federale Republiek Somalië",
      "common": "Somalië"
    },
    "per": {
      "official": "جمهوری فدرال سومالی",
      "common": "سومالی"
    },
    "pol": {
      "official": "Federalna Republika Somalii",
      "common": "Somalia"
    },
    "por": {
      "official": "República Federal da Somália",
      "common": "Somália"
    },
    "rus": {
      "official": "Федеративная Республика Сомали",
      "common": "Сомали"
    },
    "slk": {
      "official": "Somálska federatívna republika",
      "common": "Somálsko"
    },
    "spa": {
      "official": "República Federal de Somalia",
      "common": "Somalia"
    },
    "srp": {
      "official": "Savezna Republika Somalija",
      "common": "Somalija"
    },
    "swe": {
      "official": "Förbundsrepubliken Somalia",
      "common": "Somalia"
    },
    "tur": {
      "official": "Somali Federal Cumhuriyeti",
      "common": "Somali"
    },
    "urd": {
      "official": "وفاقی جمہوریہ صومالیہ",
      "common": "صومالیہ"
    },
    "zho": {
      "official": "索马里共和国",
      "common": "索马里"
    }
  },
  "capital": [
    "Mogadishu"
  ],
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Eastern Africa",
  "un_regional_group": "African Group",
  "currencies": {
    "SOS": {
      "name": "Somali shilling",
      "symbol": "Sh"
    }
  },
  "languages": {
    "ara": "Arabic",
    "som": "Somali"
  },
  "idd": {
    "root": "+2",
    "suffixes": [
      "52"
    ]
  },
  "tld": [
    ".so"
  ],
  "area_sq_km": 637657,
  "latlng": [
    10,
    49
  ],
  "landlocked": false,
  "borders": [
    "DJI",
    "ETH",
    "KEN"
  ],
  "independent": true,
  "un_member": true,
  "status": "officially-assigned",
  "flag_emoji": "🇸🇴",
  "flag_png_url": "https://flagcdn.com/w320/so.png",
  "demonyms": {
    "eng": {
      "f": "Somali",
      "m": "Somali"
    },
    "fra": {
      "f": "Somalienne",
      "m": "Somalien"
    }
  },
  "world_bank": {
    "population_total": {
      "value": 19654739,
      "year": 2025
    },
    "gdp_usd": {
      "value": 12995200000.2658,
      "year": 2025
    },
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": {
      "value": 661.173877723116,
      "year": 2025
    },
    "unemployment_rate_pct": {
      "value": 18.948,
      "year": 2025
    },
    "life_expectancy_years": {
      "value": 58.967,
      "year": 2024
    }
  },
  "population_timeseries": [
    {
      "year": 1950,
      "population": 2213131
    },
    {
      "year": 1951,
      "population": 2276680
    },
    {
      "year": 1952,
      "population": 2340249
    },
    {
      "year": 1953,
      "population": 2403570
    },
    {
      "year": 1954,
      "population": 2467313
    },
    {
      "year": 1955,
      "population": 2532253
    },
    {
      "year": 1956,
      "population": 2598367
    },
    {
      "year": 1957,
      "population": 2665702
    },
    {
      "year": 1958,
      "population": 2733405
    },
    {
      "year": 1959,
      "population": 2803090
    },
    {
      "year": 1960,
      "population": 2876331
    },
    {
      "year": 1961,
      "population": 2952054
    },
    {
      "year": 1962,
      "population": 3030091
    },
    {
      "year": 1963,
      "population": 3110361
    },
    {
      "year": 1964,
      "population": 3192796
    },
    {
      "year": 1965,
      "population": 3277874
    },
    {
      "year": 1966,
      "population": 3365106
    },
    {
      "year": 1967,
      "population": 3454537
    },
    {
      "year": 1968,
      "population": 3546590
    },
    {
      "year": 1969,
      "population": 3641015
    },
    {
      "year": 1970,
      "population": 3738448
    },
    {
      "year": 1971,
      "population": 3837691
    },
    {
      "year": 1972,
      "population": 3939436
    },
    {
      "year": 1973,
      "population": 4045592
    },
    {
      "year": 1974,
      "population": 4151842
    },
    {
      "year": 1975,
      "population": 4257535
    },
    {
      "year": 1976,
      "population": 4365812
    },
    {
      "year": 1977,
      "population": 4484050
    },
    {
      "year": 1978,
      "population": 4814892
    },
    {
      "year": 1979,
      "population": 5449117
    },
    {
      "year": 1980,
      "population": 5936154
    },
    {
      "year": 1981,
      "population": 5982849
    },
    {
      "year": 1982,
      "population": 6003840
    },
    {
      "year": 1983,
      "population": 6198430
    },
    {
      "year": 1984,
      "population": 6428389
    },
    {
      "year": 1985,
      "population": 6693289
    },
    {
      "year": 1986,
      "population": 6974788
    },
    {
      "year": 1987,
      "population": 7228302
    },
    {
      "year": 1988,
      "population": 7235360
    },
    {
      "year": 1989,
      "population": 7114817
    },
    {
      "year": 1990,
      "population": 7082811
    },
    {
      "year": 1991,
      "population": 6813760
    },
    {
      "year": 1992,
      "population": 6495107
    },
    {
      "year": 1993,
      "population": 6681399
    },
    {
      "year": 1994,
      "population": 7026797
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "population": 7285007
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "population": 7554474
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "population": 7824525
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "population": 8155417
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "population": 8492059
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "population": 8838713
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "population": 9198493
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "population": 9550063
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "population": 9909157
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "population": 10280998
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "population": 10644228
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "population": 10975502
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "population": 11322582
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "population": 11663084
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "population": 11961201
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "population": 12261756
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "population": 12348830
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "population": 12461160
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "population": 12869594
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "population": 13339491
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "population": 13806963
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "population": 14348740
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "population": 14916629
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "population": 15452487
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "population": 16030971
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "population": 16651191
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "population": 17271431
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "population": 17801897
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "population": 18358615
    }
  ],
  "reference_raw": {
    "cca3": "SOM",
    "name": {
      "common": "Somalia",
      "official": "Federal Republic of Somalia",
      "native": {
        "ara": {
          "official": "جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية",
          "common": "الصومال"
        },
        "som": {
          "official": "Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya",
          "common": "Soomaaliya"
        }
      }
    },
    "tld": [
      ".so"
    ],
    "cca2": "SO",
    "ccn3": "706",
    "cioc": "SOM",
    "independent": true,
    "status": "officially-assigned",
    "unMember": true,
    "unRegionalGroup": "African Group",
    "currencies": {
      "SOS": {
        "name": "Somali shilling",
        "symbol": "Sh"
      }
    },
    "idd": {
      "root": "+2",
      "suffixes": [
        "52"
      ]
    },
    "capital": [
      "Mogadishu"
    ],
    "altSpellings": [
      "SO",
      "aṣ-Ṣūmāl",
      "Federal Republic of Somalia",
      "Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya",
      "Jumhūriyyat aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fiderāliyya"
    ],
    "region": "Africa",
    "subregion": "Eastern Africa",
    "languages": {
      "ara": "Arabic",
      "som": "Somali"
    },
    "translations": {
      "ara": {
        "official": "جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية",
        "common": "الصومال"
      },
      "bre": {
        "official": "Republik Kevreadel Somalia",
        "common": "Somalia"
      },
      "ces": {
        "official": "Somálská demokratická republika",
        "common": "Somálsko"
      },
      "deu": {
        "official": "Bundesrepublik Somalia",
        "common": "Somalia"
      },
      "est": {
        "official": "Somaalia Liitvabariik",
        "common": "Somaalia"
      },
      "fin": {
        "official": "Somalian liittotasavalta",
        "common": "Somalia"
      },
      "fra": {
        "official": "République fédérale de Somalie",
        "common": "Somalie"
      },
      "hrv": {
        "official": "Savezna Republika Somaliji",
        "common": "Somalija"
      },
      "hun": {
        "official": "Szomáli Szövetségi Köztársaság",
        "common": "Szomália"
      },
      "ita": {
        "official": "Repubblica federale di Somalia",
        "common": "Somalia"
      },
      "jpn": {
        "official": "ソマリア連邦共和国",
        "common": "ソマリア"
      },
      "kor": {
        "official": " 소말리아 연방 공화국",
        "common": "소말리아"
      },
      "nld": {
        "official": "Federale Republiek Somalië",
        "common": "Somalië"
      },
      "per": {
        "official": "جمهوری فدرال سومالی",
        "common": "سومالی"
      },
      "pol": {
        "official": "Federalna Republika Somalii",
        "common": "Somalia"
      },
      "por": {
        "official": "República Federal da Somália",
        "common": "Somália"
      },
      "rus": {
        "official": "Федеративная Республика Сомали",
        "common": "Сомали"
      },
      "slk": {
        "official": "Somálska federatívna republika",
        "common": "Somálsko"
      },
      "spa": {
        "official": "República Federal de Somalia",
        "common": "Somalia"
      },
      "srp": {
        "official": "Savezna Republika Somalija",
        "common": "Somalija"
      },
      "swe": {
        "official": "Förbundsrepubliken Somalia",
        "common": "Somalia"
      },
      "tur": {
        "official": "Somali Federal Cumhuriyeti",
        "common": "Somali"
      },
      "urd": {
        "official": "وفاقی جمہوریہ صومالیہ",
        "common": "صومالیہ"
      },
      "zho": {
        "official": "索马里共和国",
        "common": "索马里"
      }
    },
    "latlng": [
      10,
      49
    ],
    "landlocked": false,
    "borders": [
      "DJI",
      "ETH",
      "KEN"
    ],
    "area": 637657,
    "flag": "🇸🇴",
    "demonyms": {
      "eng": {
        "f": "Somali",
        "m": "Somali"
      },
      "fra": {
        "f": "Somalienne",
        "m": "Somalien"
      }
    }
  }
}