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🇹🇲 Turkmenistan

Overview

ISO 3166-1 alpha-3TKM
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2TM
UN M49 numeric795
IOC codeTKM
Official nameTurkmenistan
Native name(s)rus: official: Туркменистан; common: Туркмения; tuk: official: Türkmenistan; common: Türkmenistan
Alt spellingsTM
Statusofficially-assigned
IndependentYes
UN memberYes

Geography

RegionAsia
SubregionCentral Asia
UN regional groupAsia and the Pacific Group
CapitalAshgabat
Area (km²)488,100
Lat / Lng40.0000, 60.0000
LandlockedYes
Borders (ISO3)AFG, IRN, KAZ, UZB
Top-level domain.tm
Calling coderoot: +9; suffixes: 93

Demographics

Population (World Bank)7,618,847 (2025)
Life expectancy (years, World Bank)70.201 (2024)
Languagesrus: Russian; tuk: Turkmen
Demonymseng: f: Turkmen; m: Turkmen; fra: f: Turkmène; m: Turkmène
Population time-series (UN WPP)74

Economy

GDP (current USD)49,828,621,355.652 (2025)
GDP per capita (current USD)6,540.179 (2025)
Unemployment rate (%)4.267 (2025)
CurrenciesTMT: name: Turkmenistan manat; symbol: m

Population by year (UN WPP)

74 yearly data points — click to expand
YearPopulation
19501,269,180
19511,294,075
19521,320,535
19531,349,677
19541,382,360
19551,418,164
19561,457,206
19571,499,558
19581,545,188
19591,593,420
19601,643,457
19611,695,400
19621,749,214
19631,804,272
19641,859,997
19651,915,916
19661,971,737
19672,027,403
19682,083,069
19692,139,024
19702,195,616
19712,253,119
19722,311,430
19732,370,919
19742,432,028
19752,494,570
19762,558,521
19772,623,948
19782,691,088
19792,760,358
19802,832,203
19812,907,187
19822,985,557
19833,067,534
19843,154,079
19853,247,534
19863,347,809
19873,452,731
19883,559,363
19893,662,459
19903,760,562
19913,855,894
19923,944,689
19934,032,407
19944,116,662
19954,191,203
19964,263,819
19974,336,730
19984,410,507
19994,492,170
20004,582,677
20014,675,409
20024,769,465
20034,863,865
20044,958,093
20055,052,257
20065,147,105
20075,244,046
20085,345,029
20095,451,592
20105,564,356
20115,683,417
20125,808,546
20135,939,341
20146,075,283
20156,215,770
20166,360,041
20176,507,061
20186,655,524
20196,803,944
20206,949,912
20217,092,043
20227,230,193
20237,364,438

Full raw record (JSON)

JSON
{
  "iso3": "TKM",
  "iso2": "TM",
  "ccn3": "795",
  "cioc": "TKM",
  "name": {
    "common": "Turkmenistan",
    "official": "Turkmenistan",
    "native": {
      "rus": {
        "official": "Туркменистан",
        "common": "Туркмения"
      },
      "tuk": {
        "official": "Türkmenistan",
        "common": "Türkmenistan"
      }
    }
  },
  "alt_spellings": [
    "TM"
  ],
  "translations": {
    "ara": {
      "official": "تركمانستان",
      "common": "تركمانستان"
    },
    "bre": {
      "official": "Republik Turkmenistan",
      "common": "Turkmenistan"
    },
    "ces": {
      "official": "Turkmenistán",
      "common": "Turkmenistán"
    },
    "deu": {
      "official": "Turkmenistan",
      "common": "Turkmenistan"
    },
    "est": {
      "official": "Türkmenistan",
      "common": "Türkmenistan"
    },
    "fin": {
      "official": "Turkmenistan",
      "common": "Turkmenistan"
    },
    "fra": {
      "official": "Turkménistan",
      "common": "Turkménistan"
    },
    "hrv": {
      "official": "Turkmenistan",
      "common": "Turkmenistan"
    },
    "hun": {
      "official": "Türkmén Köztársaság",
      "common": "Türkmenisztán"
    },
    "ita": {
      "official": "Turkmenistan",
      "common": "Turkmenistan"
    },
    "jpn": {
      "official": "トルクメニスタン",
      "common": "トルクメニスタン"
    },
    "kor": {
      "official": "투르크메니스탄",
      "common": "투르크메니스탄"
    },
    "nld": {
      "official": "Turkmenistan",
      "common": "Turkmenistan"
    },
    "per": {
      "official": "جمهوری خلق ترکمنستان",
      "common": "ترکمنستان"
    },
    "pol": {
      "official": "Republika Turkmenistanu",
      "common": "Turkmenistan"
    },
    "por": {
      "official": "Turcomenistão",
      "common": "Turquemenistão"
    },
    "rus": {
      "official": "Туркменистан",
      "common": "Туркмения"
    },
    "slk": {
      "official": "Turkménsko",
      "common": "Turkménsko"
    },
    "spa": {
      "official": "Turkmenistán",
      "common": "Turkmenistán"
    },
    "srp": {
      "official": "Turkmenistan",
      "common": "Turkmenistan"
    },
    "swe": {
      "official": "Turkmenistan",
      "common": "Turkmenistan"
    },
    "tur": {
      "official": "Türkmenistan",
      "common": "Türkmenistan"
    },
    "urd": {
      "official": "ترکمانستان",
      "common": "ترکمانستان"
    },
    "zho": {
      "official": "土库曼斯坦",
      "common": "土库曼斯坦"
    }
  },
  "capital": [
    "Ashgabat"
  ],
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Central Asia",
  "un_regional_group": "Asia and the Pacific Group",
  "currencies": {
    "TMT": {
      "name": "Turkmenistan manat",
      "symbol": "m"
    }
  },
  "languages": {
    "rus": "Russian",
    "tuk": "Turkmen"
  },
  "idd": {
    "root": "+9",
    "suffixes": [
      "93"
    ]
  },
  "tld": [
    ".tm"
  ],
  "area_sq_km": 488100,
  "latlng": [
    40,
    60
  ],
  "landlocked": true,
  "borders": [
    "AFG",
    "IRN",
    "KAZ",
    "UZB"
  ],
  "independent": true,
  "un_member": true,
  "status": "officially-assigned",
  "flag_emoji": "🇹🇲",
  "flag_png_url": "https://flagcdn.com/w320/tm.png",
  "demonyms": {
    "eng": {
      "f": "Turkmen",
      "m": "Turkmen"
    },
    "fra": {
      "f": "Turkmène",
      "m": "Turkmène"
    }
  },
  "world_bank": {
    "population_total": {
      "value": 7618847,
      "year": 2025
    },
    "gdp_usd": {
      "value": 49828621355.6516,
      "year": 2025
    },
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": {
      "value": 6540.17876401136,
      "year": 2025
    },
    "unemployment_rate_pct": {
      "value": 4.267,
      "year": 2025
    },
    "life_expectancy_years": {
      "value": 70.201,
      "year": 2024
    }
  },
  "population_timeseries": [
    {
      "year": 1950,
      "population": 1269180
    },
    {
      "year": 1951,
      "population": 1294075
    },
    {
      "year": 1952,
      "population": 1320535
    },
    {
      "year": 1953,
      "population": 1349677
    },
    {
      "year": 1954,
      "population": 1382360
    },
    {
      "year": 1955,
      "population": 1418164
    },
    {
      "year": 1956,
      "population": 1457206
    },
    {
      "year": 1957,
      "population": 1499558
    },
    {
      "year": 1958,
      "population": 1545188
    },
    {
      "year": 1959,
      "population": 1593420
    },
    {
      "year": 1960,
      "population": 1643457
    },
    {
      "year": 1961,
      "population": 1695400
    },
    {
      "year": 1962,
      "population": 1749214
    },
    {
      "year": 1963,
      "population": 1804272
    },
    {
      "year": 1964,
      "population": 1859997
    },
    {
      "year": 1965,
      "population": 1915916
    },
    {
      "year": 1966,
      "population": 1971737
    },
    {
      "year": 1967,
      "population": 2027403
    },
    {
      "year": 1968,
      "population": 2083069
    },
    {
      "year": 1969,
      "population": 2139024
    },
    {
      "year": 1970,
      "population": 2195616
    },
    {
      "year": 1971,
      "population": 2253119
    },
    {
      "year": 1972,
      "population": 2311430
    },
    {
      "year": 1973,
      "population": 2370919
    },
    {
      "year": 1974,
      "population": 2432028
    },
    {
      "year": 1975,
      "population": 2494570
    },
    {
      "year": 1976,
      "population": 2558521
    },
    {
      "year": 1977,
      "population": 2623948
    },
    {
      "year": 1978,
      "population": 2691088
    },
    {
      "year": 1979,
      "population": 2760358
    },
    {
      "year": 1980,
      "population": 2832203
    },
    {
      "year": 1981,
      "population": 2907187
    },
    {
      "year": 1982,
      "population": 2985557
    },
    {
      "year": 1983,
      "population": 3067534
    },
    {
      "year": 1984,
      "population": 3154079
    },
    {
      "year": 1985,
      "population": 3247534
    },
    {
      "year": 1986,
      "population": 3347809
    },
    {
      "year": 1987,
      "population": 3452731
    },
    {
      "year": 1988,
      "population": 3559363
    },
    {
      "year": 1989,
      "population": 3662459
    },
    {
      "year": 1990,
      "population": 3760562
    },
    {
      "year": 1991,
      "population": 3855894
    },
    {
      "year": 1992,
      "population": 3944689
    },
    {
      "year": 1993,
      "population": 4032407
    },
    {
      "year": 1994,
      "population": 4116662
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "population": 4191203
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "population": 4263819
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "population": 4336730
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "population": 4410507
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "population": 4492170
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "population": 4582677
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "population": 4675409
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "population": 4769465
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "population": 4863865
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "population": 4958093
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "population": 5052257
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "population": 5147105
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "population": 5244046
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "population": 5345029
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "population": 5451592
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "population": 5564356
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "population": 5683417
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "population": 5808546
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "population": 5939341
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "population": 6075283
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "population": 6215770
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "population": 6360041
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "population": 6507061
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "population": 6655524
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "population": 6803944
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "population": 6949912
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "population": 7092043
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "population": 7230193
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "population": 7364438
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  ],
  "reference_raw": {
    "cca3": "TKM",
    "name": {
      "common": "Turkmenistan",
      "official": "Turkmenistan",
      "native": {
        "rus": {
          "official": "Туркменистан",
          "common": "Туркмения"
        },
        "tuk": {
          "official": "Türkmenistan",
          "common": "Türkmenistan"
        }
      }
    },
    "tld": [
      ".tm"
    ],
    "cca2": "TM",
    "ccn3": "795",
    "cioc": "TKM",
    "independent": true,
    "status": "officially-assigned",
    "unMember": true,
    "unRegionalGroup": "Asia and the Pacific Group",
    "currencies": {
      "TMT": {
        "name": "Turkmenistan manat",
        "symbol": "m"
      }
    },
    "idd": {
      "root": "+9",
      "suffixes": [
        "93"
      ]
    },
    "capital": [
      "Ashgabat"
    ],
    "altSpellings": [
      "TM"
    ],
    "region": "Asia",
    "subregion": "Central Asia",
    "languages": {
      "rus": "Russian",
      "tuk": "Turkmen"
    },
    "translations": {
      "ara": {
        "official": "تركمانستان",
        "common": "تركمانستان"
      },
      "bre": {
        "official": "Republik Turkmenistan",
        "common": "Turkmenistan"
      },
      "ces": {
        "official": "Turkmenistán",
        "common": "Turkmenistán"
      },
      "deu": {
        "official": "Turkmenistan",
        "common": "Turkmenistan"
      },
      "est": {
        "official": "Türkmenistan",
        "common": "Türkmenistan"
      },
      "fin": {
        "official": "Turkmenistan",
        "common": "Turkmenistan"
      },
      "fra": {
        "official": "Turkménistan",
        "common": "Turkménistan"
      },
      "hrv": {
        "official": "Turkmenistan",
        "common": "Turkmenistan"
      },
      "hun": {
        "official": "Türkmén Köztársaság",
        "common": "Türkmenisztán"
      },
      "ita": {
        "official": "Turkmenistan",
        "common": "Turkmenistan"
      },
      "jpn": {
        "official": "トルクメニスタン",
        "common": "トルクメニスタン"
      },
      "kor": {
        "official": "투르크메니스탄",
        "common": "투르크메니스탄"
      },
      "nld": {
        "official": "Turkmenistan",
        "common": "Turkmenistan"
      },
      "per": {
        "official": "جمهوری خلق ترکمنستان",
        "common": "ترکمنستان"
      },
      "pol": {
        "official": "Republika Turkmenistanu",
        "common": "Turkmenistan"
      },
      "por": {
        "official": "Turcomenistão",
        "common": "Turquemenistão"
      },
      "rus": {
        "official": "Туркменистан",
        "common": "Туркмения"
      },
      "slk": {
        "official": "Turkménsko",
        "common": "Turkménsko"
      },
      "spa": {
        "official": "Turkmenistán",
        "common": "Turkmenistán"
      },
      "srp": {
        "official": "Turkmenistan",
        "common": "Turkmenistan"
      },
      "swe": {
        "official": "Turkmenistan",
        "common": "Turkmenistan"
      },
      "tur": {
        "official": "Türkmenistan",
        "common": "Türkmenistan"
      },
      "urd": {
        "official": "ترکمانستان",
        "common": "ترکمانستان"
      },
      "zho": {
        "official": "土库曼斯坦",
        "common": "土库曼斯坦"
      }
    },
    "latlng": [
      40,
      60
    ],
    "landlocked": true,
    "borders": [
      "AFG",
      "IRN",
      "KAZ",
      "UZB"
    ],
    "area": 488100,
    "flag": "🇹🇲",
    "demonyms": {
      "eng": {
        "f": "Turkmen",
        "m": "Turkmen"
      },
      "fra": {
        "f": "Turkmène",
        "m": "Turkmène"
      }
    }
  }
}